Scientific operates inside the theories of finances and credit, in accordance with the specification from the investigation object, are characterized to become many-sided and many-leveled.
The definition of totality with the economical relations formed in the method of formation, distribution and usage of finances, as revenue sources is broadly spread. For example, in "the basic theory of finances" there are two definitions of finances:
1) "...Finances reflect economical relations, formation with the funds of income sources, inside the procedure of distribution and redistribution of national receipts in line with the distribution and usage". This definition is offered reasonably towards the conditions of Capitalism, when cash-commodity relations gain universal character;
2) "Finances represent the formation of centralized ad decentralized revenue sources, economical relations relatively together with the distribution and usage, which serve for fulfillment on the state functions and obligations and also provision of the circumstances of your widened additional production". This definition is brought with out displaying the atmosphere of its action. We share partly such explanation of finances and assume expedient to make some specification.
First, finances overcome the bounds of distribution and redistribution service of your national revenue, although it is actually a standard foundation of finances. Also, formation and usage of the depreciation fund which is the part of financial domain, belongs to not the distribution and redistribution of the national income (of newly formed worth throughout a year), but to the distribution of currently created value.
This most up-to-date initially seems to be a element of value of most important industrial funds, later it truly is moved to the cost price tag of a prepared solution (that may be to the worth as well) and immediately after its realization, and it is set the depression fund. Its source is taken into account before hand as a depression kind inside the consistence of your prepared products cost price tag.
Second, principal purpose of finances is significantly wider then "fulfillment in the state functions and obligations and provision of conditions for the widened further production". Finances exist on the state level and also on the manufactures and branches' level also, and in such circumstances, when probably the most part in the manufactures are usually not state.
V. M. Rodionova has a distinct position about this subject: "real formation on the financial sources begins around the stage of distribution, when the value is realized and concrete economical types in the realized value are separated in the consistence from the profit". V. M. Rodionova tends to make an accent of finances, as distributing relations, when D. S. Moliakov underlines industrial foundation of finances. Though both of them give quite substantiate discussion of finances, as a technique of formation, distribution and usage of the funds of income sources, that comes out with the following definition in the finances: "financial money relations, which types inside the process of distribution and redistribution in the partial worth from the national wealth and total social solution, is related with all the subjects from the economy and formation and usage on the state cash incomes and savings within the widened additional production, inside the material stimulation of the workers for satisfaction from the society social and also other requests".
In the manuals in the political economy we meet with all the following definitions of finances:
"Finances of the socialistic state represent economical (cash) relations, together with the aid of which, inside the way of planned distribution of the incomes and savings the funds of cash sources of the state and socialistic manufactures are formed for guaranteeing the growth in the production, rising the material and cultural amount of the persons and for satisfying other basic society requests".
"The method of creation and usage of important funds of money resources for guarantying socialistic widened further production represent exactly the finances from the socialistic society. As well as the totality of economical relations arisen in between state, manufactures and organizations, branches, regions and separate citizen in line with the movement of cash funds make economic relations".
As we've observed, definitions of finances made by financiers and political economists usually do not differ drastically.
In each and every discussed position you can find:
1) expression of essence and phenomenon inside the definition of finances;
two) the definition of finances, because the method in the creation and usage of funds of money sources around the level of phenomenon.
3) Distribution of finances as social product and also the worth of national income, definition in the distributions planned character, key targets on the economy and economical relations, for servicing of which it really is utilised.
If refuse the preposition "socialistic" inside the definition of finances, we may perhaps say, that it still keeps actuality. We meet with such conventional definitions of finances, with no an adjective "socialistic", in the modern economical literature. We may give such an elucidation: "finances represent money resources of production and usage, also cash relations appeared in the approach of distributing values of formed economical solution and national wealth for formation and additional production of the money incomes and savings from the economical subjects and state, rewarding of your workers and satisfaction from the social requests". within this elucidation of finances like D. S. Moliakov and V. M. Rodionov's definitions, following the traditional inheritance, we meet together with the widening with the financial foundation. They concern "distribution and redistribution of the value of developed economical solution, also the partial distribution of the value of national wealth". This most current is extremely actual, relatively for the approach of privatization along with the transition to privacy and is periodically utilised in practice in distinctive countries, for instance, Terrific Britain and France.